SLR camera
For outdoor photography, and especially for weather photography, the common SLR type of camera is best suited. SLR stands for single-lens reflex, where both the composition and metering as well as the actual film exposure are being done through a single lens. When the shutter of the camera is closed, the mirror is in the path of the lens, reflecting the light upward and focusing it onto a matted glass, where you look at through the viewfinder. When you take a picture, the mirror flips upward, the shutter opens and the film is being exposed, and after the shutter closes again the mirror falls back down.
Point & shoot compact cameras
The small compact cameras are not useful, except if you only take pictures of the most common weather phenomena like clouds, sunrise/sunset and so on. There are many more exotic weather phenomena which you can't photograph using a compact camera. Such a small camera is only useful to have with you all the time when you are not photographing with your SLR equipment, in case you see a rare or beautiful weather phenomenon (especially halos, rainbows, clouds, sunset).
Do not use an APS camera but a 35mm camera; APS film is too small for large prints to be made; this film is more suitable for photos you take during holidays and the like.
A few things to take into account when you buy a compact camera for always at hand: a flash is completely useless for weather photography; if you buy a camera with zoomlens, it is only practical to cover the range 28mm - 80mm or so; try to locate a camera with b B shutter option choose a compact camera which you can mount on a tripod. Those options do not make the camera much more expensive and can be of great help.
Medium-format cameras
Film frame size comes in a variety of ranges, the most widely used being the 35mm format. However, especially for high-resolution photography (e.g. lightning!) you might wish to expand your camera collection with a medium-format camera. Medium-format are sizes like (in millimeter) 60x60, 60x90 and 60x40. For comparison, the 35-mm format measures 24x36 mm. The medium-format makes for much sharper photos, but is also more expensive; the cost scales approximately by surface area of film.
There are many types of medium-format cameras, but most are considered professional and have professional price tags. For starters, a good model would be a Mamiya or older Rollei dual-lens camera. A more modular camera system is the Hasselblad system, but this is outside the ballpark of a starter's budget. Rollei cameras are older, and available cheaply at occasion photo stores; they have the disadvantage of a fixed-focal length lens and hence are not very modular. Mamiya is newer, more modular, but also a lot more expensive already.
Large-format cameras
The large-format sizes range from 4x5 inches up to 8x10 inches (this is slide/print film size, not even a printed photo yet). This is not really useful for weather photography - you would need a lot of time to get such equipment set up, composing the frame, and light metering. It is more useful for landscape photography, where the subject is fixed and you have time to get set up. Film at these sizes is very expensive so you want to be sure that your photo will be successful.
35mm Single Lens Reflex
A single-lens reflex(SLR) camera is a camera that typically uses a mirror and prism system that permits the photografer to view through the lens and hence see exactly what will be captured, as opposed to viewfinder cameras where the image could be significantly different from what will captured.
35mm Range Finder
a rangefinder camera is a camera fitted with a rangefinder:arange finding focusing mechanism allowing the photografer to measure the subject distance and take photographs that are in sharp focus.Most varities of rangefinder show two images of the same subject,one of the which moves when a calibrated wheel turned;Older,non-coupled range finder cameras display the focusing distance and require the photographer to transfer the value to the lens focus ring;cameras built in rangefinders could have an external rangefinder windows.later the range finder was incorporated into the viewfinder.More modern designs havve rangefinder coupled to the focusing mechanism so that the lens is focused correctlyy when the rangefinder image fuse compare with the focus screen non-autofocus SLRs
Advance Photo System
Advanced Photo System(APS) is a film format for still photography first produced in 1996. It was marketed by Eastman Kodak under the brand name Advantix, by FujiFilm under the name Nexia, by AgfaPhoto under the name Futura and by Konica as Centuria.
The film is 24mm wide, and has three image formats:
- H for "High Definition"(30.2 x 16.7 mm;aspect ratio 16:9; 4x7" print)
-C for "Classic"(25.1 x 16.7 mm; aspect ratio 3:2; 4x6" print)
-P for "Panoramic" (30.2 x 9.5 mm;aspect ratio 3:1; 4x11" print)
The "C" and "P" formats are formed by cropping. The full image is recorded on the film, and an image recorded in one aspect ratio can be reprinted in another. The "C" format has an equivalent aspect ratio to a 135 film image.
Twin Lens Reflex
A Twin-lens reflex camera(TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level. In addition to the objective, the viewfinder consist of a 45-degree mirror, a matte focusing screen at the top of the camera, and a pop-up hood surrounding it.
The two objectives are connected, so that the focus shown on the focusing screen will be exactly the same as on the film. However, many inexpensive TLR's are fixed-focus models. Most TLRs are use leaf shutters with shutter speeds up to 1/500th sec with B setting.
For practical purposes, all TLRs are film cameras, mist often using 120 film, although there are many examples which used other formats.
Digital Camera
A digital Camera or digicam is a camera that takes video or still photograph, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor. It is the main devices used in the filed of digital photography. Most 21st century cameras are digital.
The optical system works the same as in film cameras, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphgragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film but the image pickup device is eletronic rather than chemical.
Most digicam, aprt from camera phones and a few specialized types, have a standard tripod screw. Digital cameras can do things film cameras cannot:
-Display images on a small screen immediately after the record
-storing thousand of images on a single small memory devices
-deleting images to free storage space
Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones to vehicles.
A digital Camera or digicam is a camera that takes video or still photograph, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor. It is the main devices used in the filed of digital photography. Most 21st century cameras are digital.
The optical system works the same as in film cameras, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphgragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film but the image pickup device is eletronic rather than chemical.
Most digicam, aprt from camera phones and a few specialized types, have a standard tripod screw. Digital cameras can do things film cameras cannot:
-Display images on a small screen immediately after the record
-storing thousand of images on a single small memory devices
-deleting images to free storage space
Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones to vehicles.
References
www.luminous-landscape.com/tutorials/rangefinder.shtml
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera
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